Research and Trends Political and Legal Issues

Title IX at 35: Beyond the Headlines, (pdf)
The National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education recently released a new report, Title IX at 35: Beyond the Headlines, that surveys the considerable progress for women’s and girls’ educational opportunities made since the passage of Title IX in 1972—as well as the significant challenges that continue to limit gender equity in education.The report reviews Title IX’s effect in six primary areas: athletics; science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM); career and technical education; employment; sexual harassment; and single-sex education. It includes important recommendations for congress, administrative agencies, and educational programs, and lays out an action agenda geared toward taking advantage of “key opportunities” for further progress.

The Economics of Higher Education, Bobby Fong, from Liberal Education, Winter 2005

In the context of impending Congressional reauthorization of the federal Higher Education Act, a discussion of issues related to the rising costs of college attendance, their consequent impact on accessibility, and the appropriate federal role, if any, in regulating price increases.

Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Selective College Admissions (pdf) Anthony P. Carnevale and Stephen J. Rose, A Century Foundation Paper

The issue of affirmative action at our nation's top universities excites much interest and controversy in part because it goes to the very heart of what Americans mean by equal opportunity and meritocracy. This paper seeks to expand the traditional debate over race and ethnicity in selective admissions by analyzing the issue of whether low-income students, too, should benefit from affirmative action policies.

Trends in Educational Equity of Girls and Women (pdf)

A National Center for Education and Statistics (NCES) report, Trends in Educational Equity of Girls and Women, concludes that women are more likely than their male peers to hold high educational aspirations, to enroll in college, and to persist to degree attainment.A National Center for Education and Statistics (NCES) report, Trends in Educational Equity of Girls and Women, concludes that women are more likely than their male peers to hold high educational aspirations, to enroll in college, and to persist to degree attainment.

Gender Equity Report, University of Pennsylvania

The Gender Equity Committee was established in June 2000. The charge was to undertake a systematic review of the status of women faculty at the University of Pennsylvania. Four subcommittees were formed to complete the review: one on faculty census using fall 1999 data, one on professional status of women faculty, one on faculty salaries, and one on a survey of faculty regarding their quality of life.

Access Denied: Restoring the Nation's Commitment to Equal Educational Opportunity (pdf)

This report finds that low-income student access to college, especially four-year colleges and universities, is limited by high levels of unmet need, and that increasing numbers of low-income students arriving on the nation's campuses over this decade will exacerbate this problem. The report suggests a set of federal policy priorities for addressing the problem. The report was created by the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance commissioned by Congress to advise the Secretary of Education and Congress on higher education and student aid policy.

Economics, Demography, and the Future of Higher Education (pdf)

In the next 15 years, 1 million to 2 million additional young adults will be enrolling in colleges and universities nationwide, a large proportion of them from low-income and minority families. This study demonstrates how state governors are in a unique position to influence the nation's long-run economic competitiveness and social equity by helping minority and low-income students gain access to higher education.

Chilly Climate: How Men and Women Are Treated Differently in the Classroom and at Work

Dr. Bernice Resnick Sandler creates strategies for organizations and individuals to improve equity for women in education and the workplace. This website includes strategies to deal with sexual harassment, differential classroom treatment of females and males, mentoring, and other issues involving women and girls in the workplace and classroom.

Political Correctness: The Truth About Diversity and Tolerance in Higher Education , by Debra Humphreys, AAC&U

This briefing paper describes the origins and contemporary use of the term. Citing research, this paper refutes several myths associated with political correctness in academe and provides a list of additional resources on the topic.

The New Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997

Before a bipartisan crowd of supporters on the White House South Lawn, President Bill Clinton signed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which aims to strengthen academic expectations and accountability for the nation's 5.4 million children with disabilities, and bridge the gap that has too often existed between what those children learn and the regular curriculum.

A Statement from the American Association of Universities On the Importance of Diversity in University Admissions

The Association of American Universities -- consisting of 62 leading North American research universities -- adopted a statement that expresses strong support for continued attention to diversity in university admissions. The statement emphasizes that "A very substantial portion of our curriculum is enhanced by the discourse made possible by the heterogeneous backgrounds of our students. Equally, a significant part of education in our institutions takes place outside the classroom, in extracurricular activities where students learn how to work together, as well as to compete; how to exercise leadership, as well as to build consensus. If our institutional capacity to bring together a genuinely diverse group of students is removed-or severely reduced-then the quality and texture of the education we provide will be significantly diminished."

Affirmative Action and Diversity Project: A Web Page for Research.

Carl Gutierrez-Jones, Rita Raley and Parker Douglas have developed a very useful website for people researching, teaching, or curious about issues related to affirmative action. It contains a substantial amount of information about California politics and other areas of the country.

Origins of Affirmative Action for Women.

The Feminist Majority Foundation offers a concise legal and historical overview of affirmative action for women.

Tribal Colleges: An Introduction (February 1999)(pdf) The Institute for Higher Education Policy

This policy report presents an overview of various aspects of tribal colleges—who enrolls, how the colleges are funded, what makes them unique, and the challenges they face. This is the first in a series of planned policy reports produced by the Tribal College Research and Database Initiative. A full copy of this report is available for free in PDF format.

Choosing Higher Education: Educationally Ambitious Chicanos and the Path to Social Mobility by Patricia Gandara, University of California-Davis

This research study examines contributing factors to academic achievement for students who come from backgrounds and environments that contribute to high drop-out levels (e.g. low income families with little formal education).

The Bridge Project: Strengthening K-16 Transition Policies

The Bridge Project of the Stanford Institute on Higher Education Research is a research project with the purpose of improving opportunities for all students to enter and succeed in higher education by strengthening the alignment between higher education admissions-related requirements and K-12 curriculum frameworks, standards, and assessments.

The Dynamics of Race in Higher Education: An Examination of the Evidence

Findings from this research-based report inform the current debates about racial diversity in higher education. The review arrives at the following conclusions: (1) there is clear evidence of continuing inequities in educational opportunity along racial categories; (2) test-based definitions of merit are incomplete; (3) race is a major social psychological factor in the American consciousness and behaviors; and (4) racially diversified environments, when properly utilized, lead to improvements in educational outcomes for all parties.

Questions, comments, and suggested resources should be directed to Hugo Najera at diversityweb@aacu.org.
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